diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | Kconfig | 26 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Makefile | 20 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/arm/include/asm/arch-sunxi/spl.h | 19 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/arm/lib/Makefile | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/arm/mach-sunxi/Kconfig | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | board/sunxi/MAINTAINERS | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | board/sunxi/README.pine64 | 98 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | board/sunxi/README.sunxi64 | 165 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | board/sunxi/board.c | 36 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | board/sunxi/mksunxi_fit_atf.sh | 75 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | common/spl/spl_fit.c | 301 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | configs/am335x_evm_defconfig | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | configs/pine64_plus_defconfig | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt | 21 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/uImage.FIT/multi_spl.its | 89 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | include/configs/sunxi-common.h | 17 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | scripts/Makefile.spl | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/mksunxiboot.c | 53 |
18 files changed, 714 insertions, 225 deletions
@@ -220,18 +220,22 @@ config FIT_IMAGE_POST_PROCESS injected into the FIT creation (i.e. the blobs would have been pre- processed before being added to the FIT image). +if SPL + config SPL_FIT bool "Support Flattened Image Tree within SPL" depends on SPL + select SPL_OF_LIBFDT config SPL_FIT_SIGNATURE bool "Enable signature verification of FIT firmware within SPL" - depends on SPL_FIT depends on SPL_DM + select SPL_FIT select SPL_RSA config SPL_LOAD_FIT bool "Enable SPL loading U-Boot as a FIT" + select SPL_FIT help Normally with the SPL framework a legacy image is generated as part of the build. This contains U-Boot along with information as to @@ -254,6 +258,26 @@ config SPL_FIT_IMAGE_POST_PROCESS injected into the FIT creation (i.e. the blobs would have been pre- processed before being added to the FIT image). +config SPL_FIT_SOURCE + string ".its source file for U-Boot FIT image" + depends on SPL_FIT + help + Specifies a (platform specific) FIT source file to generate the + U-Boot FIT image. This could specify further image to load and/or + execute. + +config SPL_FIT_GENERATOR + string ".its file generator script for U-Boot FIT image" + depends on SPL_FIT + default "board/sunxi/mksunxi_fit_atf.sh" if SPL_LOAD_FIT && ARCH_SUNXI + help + Specifies a (platform specific) script file to generate the FIT + source file used to build the U-Boot FIT image file. This gets + passed a list of supported device tree file stub names to + include in the generated image. + +endif # SPL + endif # FIT config OF_BOARD_SETUP @@ -833,6 +833,10 @@ quiet_cmd_mkimage = MKIMAGE $@ cmd_mkimage = $(objtree)/tools/mkimage $(MKIMAGEFLAGS_$(@F)) -d $< $@ \ $(if $(KBUILD_VERBOSE:1=), >$(MKIMAGEOUTPUT)) +quiet_cmd_mkfitimage = MKIMAGE $@ +cmd_mkfitimage = $(objtree)/tools/mkimage $(MKIMAGEFLAGS_$(@F)) -f $(U_BOOT_ITS) -E $@ \ + $(if $(KBUILD_VERBOSE:1=), >$(MKIMAGEOUTPUT)) + quiet_cmd_cat = CAT $@ cmd_cat = cat $(filter-out $(PHONY), $^) > $@ @@ -952,6 +956,19 @@ quiet_cmd_cpp_cfg = CFG $@ cmd_cpp_cfg = $(CPP) -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(cpp_flags) $(LDPPFLAGS) -ansi \ -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -D__ASSEMBLY__ -x assembler-with-cpp -P -dM -E -o $@ $< +# Boards with more complex image requirments can provide an .its source file +# or a generator script +ifneq ($(CONFIG_SPL_FIT_SOURCE),"") +U_BOOT_ITS = $(subst ",,$(CONFIG_SPL_FIT_SOURCE)) +else +ifneq ($(CONFIG_SPL_FIT_GENERATOR),"") +U_BOOT_ITS := u-boot.its +$(U_BOOT_ITS): FORCE + $(srctree)/$(CONFIG_SPL_FIT_GENERATOR) \ + $(patsubst %,arch/$(ARCH)/dts/%.dtb,$(subst ",,$(CONFIG_OF_LIST))) > $@ +endif +endif + ifdef CONFIG_SPL_LOAD_FIT MKIMAGEFLAGS_u-boot.img = -f auto -A $(ARCH) -T firmware -C none -O u-boot \ -a $(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE) -e $(CONFIG_SYS_UBOOT_START) \ @@ -984,6 +1001,9 @@ u-boot-dtb.img u-boot.img u-boot.kwb u-boot.pbl u-boot-ivt.img: \ $(if $(CONFIG_SPL_LOAD_FIT),u-boot-nodtb.bin dts/dt.dtb,u-boot.bin) FORCE $(call if_changed,mkimage) +u-boot.itb: u-boot-nodtb.bin dts/dt.dtb $(U_BOOT_ITS) FORCE + $(call if_changed,mkfitimage) + u-boot-spl.kwb: u-boot.img spl/u-boot-spl.bin FORCE $(call if_changed,mkimage) diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/arch-sunxi/spl.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/arch-sunxi/spl.h index 831d0c0ff6..9358397da2 100644 --- a/arch/arm/include/asm/arch-sunxi/spl.h +++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/arch-sunxi/spl.h @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ #define BOOT0_MAGIC "eGON.BT0" #define SPL_SIGNATURE "SPL" /* marks "sunxi" SPL header */ -#define SPL_HEADER_VERSION 1 +#define SPL_HEADER_VERSION 2 #ifdef CONFIG_SUNXI_HIGH_SRAM #define SPL_ADDR 0x10000 @@ -58,11 +58,24 @@ struct boot_file_head { * compatible format, ready to be imported via "env import -t". */ uint32_t fel_uEnv_length; - uint32_t reserved1[2]; + /* + * Offset of an ASCIIZ string (relative to the SPL header), which + * contains the default device tree name (CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE). + * This is optional and may be set to NULL. Is intended to be used + * by flash programming tools for providing nice informative messages + * to the users. + */ + uint32_t dt_name_offset; + uint32_t reserved1; uint32_t boot_media; /* written here by the boot ROM */ - uint32_t reserved2[5]; /* padding, align to 64 bytes */ + /* A padding area (may be used for storing text strings) */ + uint32_t string_pool[13]; + /* The header must be a multiple of 32 bytes (for VBAR alignment) */ }; +/* Compile time check to assure proper alignment of structure */ +typedef char boot_file_head_not_multiple_of_32[1 - 2*(sizeof(struct boot_file_head) % 32)]; + #define is_boot0_magic(addr) (memcmp((void *)addr, BOOT0_MAGIC, 8) == 0) #endif diff --git a/arch/arm/lib/Makefile b/arch/arm/lib/Makefile index 53d4ed2bc6..f162c1428c 100644 --- a/arch/arm/lib/Makefile +++ b/arch/arm/lib/Makefile @@ -44,8 +44,10 @@ obj-y += stack.o ifdef CONFIG_CPU_V7M obj-y += interrupts_m.o else ifdef CONFIG_ARM64 -obj-y += ccn504.o +obj-$(CONFIG_FSL_LAYERSCAPE) += ccn504.o +ifneq ($(CONFIG_GICV2)$(CONFIG_GICV3),) obj-y += gic_64.o +endif obj-y += interrupts_64.o else obj-y += interrupts.o diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-sunxi/Kconfig b/arch/arm/mach-sunxi/Kconfig index 8d9900e00b..7ced838d6a 100644 --- a/arch/arm/mach-sunxi/Kconfig +++ b/arch/arm/mach-sunxi/Kconfig @@ -143,12 +143,16 @@ config MACH_SUN50I select SUNXI_GEN_SUN6I select SUNXI_HIGH_SRAM select SUPPORT_SPL + select FIT + select SPL_LOAD_FIT config MACH_SUN50I_H5 bool "sun50i (Allwinner H5)" select ARM64 select MACH_SUNXI_H3_H5 select SUNXI_HIGH_SRAM + select FIT + select SPL_LOAD_FIT endchoice diff --git a/board/sunxi/MAINTAINERS b/board/sunxi/MAINTAINERS index 1c8817375d..a512a201d0 100644 --- a/board/sunxi/MAINTAINERS +++ b/board/sunxi/MAINTAINERS @@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ F: configs/q8_a33_tablet_1024x600_defconfig F: include/configs/sun9i.h F: configs/Merrii_A80_Optimus_defconfig F: include/configs/sun50i.h -F: configs/pine64_plus_defconfig A20-OLIMEX-SOM-EVB BOARD M: Marcus Cooper <codekipper@gmail.com> @@ -263,6 +262,11 @@ M: Andre Przywara <andre.przywara@arm.com> S: Maintained F: configs/orangepi_pc2_defconfig +PINE64 BOARDS +M: Andre Przywara <andre.przywara@arm.com> +S: Maintained +F: configs/pine64_plus_defconfig + R16 EVB PARROT BOARD M: Quentin Schulz <quentin.schulz@free-electrons.com> S: Maintained diff --git a/board/sunxi/README.pine64 b/board/sunxi/README.pine64 deleted file mode 100644 index 5553415270..0000000000 --- a/board/sunxi/README.pine64 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -Pine64 board README -==================== - -The Pine64(+) is a single board computer equipped with an AArch64 capable ARMv8 -compliant Allwinner A64 SoC. -This chip has ARM Cortex A-53 cores and thus can run both in AArch32 -(compatible to 32-bit ARMv7) and AArch64 modes. Upon reset the SoC starts -in AArch32 mode and executes 32-bit code from the Boot ROM (BROM). -This has some implications on U-Boot. - -Quick start -============ -- Get hold of a boot0.img file (see below for more details). -- Get the boot0img tool source from the tools directory in [1] and compile - that on your host. -- Build U-Boot: -$ export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- -$ make pine64_plus_defconfig -$ make -- You also need a compiled ARM Trusted Firmware (ATF) binary. Checkout the - "allwinner" branch from the github repository [2] and build it: -$ export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- -$ make PLAT=sun50iw1p1 DEBUG=1 bl31 - The resulting binary is build/sun50iw1p1/debug/bl31.bin. - -Now put an empty (or disposable) micro SD card in your card reader and learn -its device file name, replacing /dev/sd<x> below with the result (that could -be /dev/mmcblk<x> as well): - -$ ./boot0img --device /dev/sd<x> -e -u u-boot.bin -B boot0.img \ - -d trampoline64:0x44000 -s bl31.bin -a 0x44008 -p 100 -(either copying the respective files to the working directory or specifying -the paths directly) - -This will create a new partition table (with a 100 MB FAT boot partition), -copies boot0.img, ATF and U-Boot to the proper locations on the SD card and -will fill in the magic Allwinner header to be recognized by boot0. -Prefix the above call with "sudo" if you don't have write access to the -uSD card. You can also use "-o output.img" instead of "--device /dev/sd<x>" -to create an image file and "dd" that to the uSD card. -Omitting the "-p" option will skip the partition table. - -Now put this uSD card in the board and power it on. You should be greeted by -the U-Boot prompt. - - -Main U-Boot -============ -The main U-Boot proper is a real 64-bit ARMv8 port and runs entirely in the -64-bit AArch64 mode. It can load any AArch64 code, EFI applications or arm64 -Linux kernel images (often named "Image") using the booti command. -Launching 32-bit code and kernels is technically possible, though not without -drawbacks (or hacks to avoid them) and currently not implemented. - -SPL support -============ -The main task of the SPL support is to bring up the DRAM controller and make -DRAM actually accessible. At the moment there is no documentation or source -code available which would do this. -There are currently two ways to overcome this situation: using a tainted 32-bit -SPL (involving some hacks and resulting in a non-redistributable binary, thus -not described here) or using the Allwinner boot0 blob. - -boot0 method -------------- -boot0 is Allwiner's secondary program loader and it can be used as some kind -of SPL replacement to get U-Boot up and running. -The binary is a 32 KByte blob and contained on every Pine64 image distributed -so far. It can be easily extracted from a micro SD card or an image file: -# dd if=/dev/sd<x> of=boot0.bin bs=8k skip=1 count=4 -where /dev/sd<x> is the device name of the uSD card or the name of the image -file. Apparently Allwinner allows re-distribution of this proprietary code -as-is. -For the time being this boot0 blob is the only redistributable way of making -U-Boot work on the Pine64. Beside loading the various parts of the (original) -firmware it also switches the core into AArch64 mode. -The original boot0 code looks for U-Boot at a certain place on an uSD card -(at 19096 KB), also it expects a header with magic bytes and a checksum. -There is a tool called boot0img[1] which takes a boot0.bin image and a compiled -U-Boot binary (plus other binaries) and will populate that header accordingly. -To make space for the magic header, the pine64_plus_defconfig will make sure -there is sufficient space at the beginning of the U-Boot binary. -boot0img will also take care of putting the different binaries at the right -places on the uSD card and works around unused, but mandatory parts by using -trampoline code. See the output of "boot0img -h" for more information. -boot0img can also patch boot0 to avoid loading U-Boot from 19MB, instead -fetching it from just behind the boot0 binary (-B option). - -FEL boot -========= -FEL is the name of the Allwinner defined USB boot protocol built-in the -mask ROM of most Allwinner SoCs. It allows to bootstrap a board solely -by using the USB-OTG interface and a host port on another computer. -Since FEL boot does not work with boot0, it requires the libdram hack, which -is not described here. - -[1] https://github.com/apritzel/pine64/ -[2] https://github.com/apritzel/arm-trusted-firmware.git diff --git a/board/sunxi/README.sunxi64 b/board/sunxi/README.sunxi64 new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c492f749b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/board/sunxi/README.sunxi64 @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +Allwinner 64-bit boards README +============================== + +Newer Allwinner SoCs feature ARMv8 cores (ARM Cortex-A53) with support for +both the 64-bit AArch64 mode and the ARMv7 compatible 32-bit AArch32 mode. +Examples are the Allwinner A64 (used for instance on the Pine64 board) or +the Allwinner H5 SoC (as used on the OrangePi PC 2). +These SoCs are wired to start in AArch32 mode on reset and execute 32-bit +code from the Boot ROM (BROM). As this has some implications on U-Boot, this +file describes how to make full use of the 64-bit capabilities. + +Quick Start / Overview +====================== +- Build the ARM Trusted Firmware binary (see "ARM Trusted Firmware (ATF)" below) +- Build U-Boot (see "SPL/U-Boot" below) +- Transfer to an uSD card (see "microSD card" below) +- Boot and enjoy! + +Building the firmware +===================== + +The Allwinner A64/H5 firmware consists of three parts: U-Boot's SPL, an +ARM Trusted Firmware (ATF) build and the U-Boot proper. +The SPL will load both ATF and U-Boot proper along with the right device +tree blob (.dtb) and will pass execution to ATF (in EL3), which in turn will +drop into the U-Boot proper (in EL2). +As the ATF binary will become part of the U-Boot image file, you will need +to build it first. + + ARM Trusted Firmware (ATF) +---------------------------- +Checkout the "allwinner" branch from the github repository [1] and build it: +$ export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- +$ make PLAT=sun50iw1p1 DEBUG=1 bl31 +The resulting binary is build/sun50iw1p1/debug/bl31.bin. Either put the +location of this file into the BL31 environment variable or copy this to +the root of your U-Boot build directory (or create a symbolic link). +$ export BL31=/src/arm-trusted-firmware/build/sun50iw1p1/debug/bl31.bin + (adjust the actual path accordingly) + + SPL/U-Boot +------------ +Both U-Boot proper and the SPL are using the 64-bit mode. As the boot ROM +enters the SPL still in AArch32 secure SVC mode, there is some shim code to +enter AArch64 very early. The rest of the SPL runs in AArch64 EL3. +U-Boot proper runs in EL2 and can load any AArch64 code (using the "go" +command), EFI applications (with "bootefi") or arm64 Linux kernel images +(often named "Image"), using the "booti" command. + +$ make clean +$ export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- +$ make pine64_plus_defconfig +$ make + +This will build the SPL in spl/sunxi-spl.bin and a FIT image called u-boot.itb, +which contains the rest of the firmware. + + +Boot process +============ +The on-die BROM code will try several methods to load and execute the firmware. +On a typical board like the Pine64 this will result in the following boot order: + +1) Reading 32KB from sector 16 (@8K) of the microSD card to SRAM A1. If the +BROM finds the magic "eGON" header in the first bytes, it will execute that +code. If not (no SD card at all or invalid magic), it will: +2) Try to read 32KB from sector 16 (@8K) of memory connected to the MMC2 +controller, typically an on-board eMMC chip. If there is no eMMC or it does +not contain a valid boot header, it will: +3) Initialize the SPI0 controller and try to access a NOR flash connected to +it (using the CS0 pin). If a flash chip is found, the BROM will load the +first 32KB (from offset 0) into SRAM A1. Now it checks for the magic eGON +header and checksum and will execute the code upon finding it. If not, it will: +4) Initialize the USB OTG controller and will wait for a host to connect to +it, speaking the Allwinner proprietary (but deciphered) "FEL" USB protocol. + + +To boot the Pine64 board, you can use U-Boot and any of the described methods. + +FEL boot (USB OTG) +------------------ +FEL is the name of the Allwinner defined USB boot protocol built in the +mask ROM of most Allwinner SoCs. It allows to bootstrap a board solely +by using the USB-OTG interface and a host port on another computer. +As the FEL mode is controlled by the boot ROM, it expects to be running in +AArch32. For now the AArch64 SPL cannot properly return into FEL mode, so the +feature is disabled in the configuration at the moment. + +microSD card +------------ +Transfer the SPL and the U-Boot FIT image directly to an uSD card: +# dd if=spl/sunxi-spl.bin of=/dev/sdx bs=8k seek=1 +# dd if=u-boot.itb of=/dev/sdx bs=8k seek=5 +# sync +(replace /dev/sdx with you SD card device file name, which could be +/dev/mmcblk[x] as well). + +Alternatively you can concatenate the SPL and the U-Boot FIT image into a +single file and transfer that instead: +$ cat spl/sunxi-spl.bin u-boot.itb > u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin +# dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/sdx bs=8k seek=1 + +You can partition the microSD card, but leave the first MB unallocated (most +partitioning tools will do this anyway). + +NOR flash +--------- +Some boards (like the SoPine, Pinebook or the OrangePi PC2) come with a +soldered SPI NOR flash chip. On other boards like the Pine64 such a chip +can be connected to the SPI0/CS0 pins on the PI-2 headers. +Create the SPL and FIT image like described above for the SD card. +Now connect either an "A to A" USB cable to the upper USB port on the Pine64 +or get an adaptor and use a regular A-microB cable connected to it. Other +boards often have a proper micro-B USB socket connected to the USB OTB port. +Remove a microSD card from the slot and power on the board. +On your host computer download and build the sunxi-tools package[2], then +use "sunxi-fel" to access the board: +$ ./sunxi-fel ver -v -p +This should give you an output starting with: AWUSBFEX soc=00001689(A64) ... +Now use the sunxi-fel tool to write to the NOR flash: +$ ./sunxi-fel spiflash-write 0 spl/sunxi-spl.bin +$ ./sunxi-fel spiflash-write 32768 u-boot.itb +Now boot the board without an SD card inserted and you should see the +U-Boot prompt on the serial console. + +(Legacy) boot0 method +--------------------- +boot0 is Allwiner's secondary program loader and it can be used as some kind +of SPL replacement to get U-Boot up and running from an microSD card. +For some time using boot0 was the only option to get the Pine64 booted. +With working DRAM init code in U-Boot's SPL this is no longer necessary, +but this method is described here for the sake of completeness. +Please note that this method works only with the boot0 files shipped with +A64 based boards, the H5 uses an incompatible layout which is not supported +by this method. + +The boot0 binary is a 32 KByte blob and contained in the official Pine64 images +distributed by Pine64 or Allwinner. It can be easily extracted from a micro +SD card or an image file: +# dd if=/dev/sd<x> of=boot0.bin bs=8k skip=1 count=4 +where /dev/sd<x> is the device name of the uSD card or the name of the image +file. Apparently Allwinner allows re-distribution of this proprietary code +"as-is". +This boot0 blob takes care of DRAM initialisation and loads the remaining +firmware parts, then switches the core into AArch64 mode. +The original boot0 code looks for U-Boot at a certain place on an uSD card +(at 19096 KB), also it expects a header with magic bytes and a checksum. +There is a tool called boot0img[3] which takes a boot0.bin image and a compiled +U-Boot binary (plus other binaries) and will populate that header accordingly. +To make space for the magic header, the pine64_plus_defconfig will make sure +there is sufficient space at the beginning of the U-Boot binary. +boot0img will also take care of putting the different binaries at the right +places on the uSD card and works around unused, but mandatory parts by using +trampoline code. See the output of "boot0img -h" for more information. +boot0img can also patch boot0 to avoid loading U-Boot from 19MB, instead +fetching it from just behind the boot0 binary (-B option). +$ ./boot0img -o firmware.img -B boot0.img -u u-boot-dtb.bin -e -s bl31.bin \ +-a 0x44008 -d trampoline64:0x44000 +Then write this image to a microSD card, replacing /dev/sdx with the right +device file (see above): +$ dd if=firmware.img of=/dev/sdx bs=8k seek=1 + +[1] https://github.com/apritzel/arm-trusted-firmware.git +[2] git://github.com/linux-sunxi/sunxi-tools.git +[3] https://github.com/apritzel/pine64/ diff --git a/board/sunxi/board.c b/board/sunxi/board.c index 4404edb59e..f79bd5c62c 100644 --- a/board/sunxi/board.c +++ b/board/sunxi/board.c @@ -512,7 +512,6 @@ int board_mmc_init(bd_t *bis) void sunxi_board_init(void) { int power_failed = 0; - unsigned long ramsize; #ifdef CONFIG_SY8106A_POWER power_failed = sy8106a_set_vout1(CONFIG_SY8106A_VOUT1_VOLT); @@ -573,9 +572,9 @@ void sunxi_board_init(void) #endif #endif printf("DRAM:"); - ramsize = sunxi_dram_init(); - printf(" %d MiB\n", (int)(ramsize >> 20)); - if (!ramsize) + gd->ram_size = sunxi_dram_init(); + printf(" %d MiB\n", (int)(gd->ram_size >> 20)); + if (!gd->ram_size) hang(); /* @@ -758,3 +757,32 @@ int ft_board_setup(void *blob, bd_t *bd) #endif return 0; } + +#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_LOAD_FIT +int board_fit_config_name_match(const char *name) +{ + struct boot_file_head *spl = (void *)(ulong)SPL_ADDR; + const char *cmp_str = (void *)(ulong)SPL_ADDR; + + /* Check if there is a DT name stored in the SPL header and use that. */ + if (spl->dt_name_offset) { + cmp_str += spl->dt_name_offset; + } else { +#ifdef CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE + cmp_str = CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE; +#else + return 0; +#endif + }; + +/* Differentiate the two Pine64 board DTs by their DRAM size. */ + if (strstr(name, "-pine64") && strstr(cmp_str, "-pine64")) { + if ((gd->ram_size > 512 * 1024 * 1024)) + return !strstr(name, "plus"); + else + return !!strstr(name, "plus"); + } else { + return strcmp(name, cmp_str); + } +} +#endif diff --git a/board/sunxi/mksunxi_fit_atf.sh b/board/sunxi/mksunxi_fit_atf.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000000..ecea1b839b --- /dev/null +++ b/board/sunxi/mksunxi_fit_atf.sh @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +#!/bin/sh +# +# script to generate FIT image source for 64-bit sunxi boards with +# ARM Trusted Firmware and multiple device trees (given on the command line) +# +# usage: $0 <dt_name> [<dt_name> [<dt_name] ...] + +[ -z "$BL31" ] && BL31="bl31.bin" + +cat << __HEADER_EOF +/dts-v1/; + +/ { + description = "Configuration to load ATF before U-Boot"; + #address-cells = <1>; + + images { + uboot@1 { + description = "U-Boot (64-bit)"; + data = /incbin/("u-boot-nodtb.bin"); + type = "standalone"; + arch = "arm64"; + compression = "none"; + load = <0x4a000000>; + }; + atf@1 { + description = "ARM Trusted Firmware"; + data = /incbin/("$BL31"); + type = "firmware"; + arch = "arm64"; + compression = "none"; + load = <0x44000>; + entry = <0x44000>; + }; +__HEADER_EOF + +cnt=1 +for dtname in $* +do + cat << __FDT_IMAGE_EOF + fdt@$cnt { + description = "$(basename $dtname .dtb)"; + data = /incbin/("$dtname"); + type = "flat_dt"; + compression = "none"; + }; +__FDT_IMAGE_EOF + cnt=$((cnt+1)) +done + +cat << __CONF_HEADER_EOF + }; + configurations { + default = "config@1"; + +__CONF_HEADER_EOF + +cnt=1 +for dtname in $* +do + cat << __CONF_SECTION_EOF + config@$cnt { + description = "$(basename $dtname .dtb)"; + firmware = "uboot@1"; + loadables = "atf@1"; + fdt = "fdt@$cnt"; + }; +__CONF_SECTION_EOF + cnt=$((cnt+1)) +done + +cat << __ITS_EOF + }; +}; +__ITS_EOF diff --git a/common/spl/spl_fit.c b/common/spl/spl_fit.c index aae556f97d..4c42a96ca3 100644 --- a/common/spl/spl_fit.c +++ b/common/spl/spl_fit.c @@ -11,24 +11,30 @@ #include <libfdt.h> #include <spl.h> +#define FDT_ERROR ((ulong)(-1)) + static ulong fdt_getprop_u32(const void *fdt, int node, const char *prop) { const u32 *cell; int len; cell = fdt_getprop(fdt, node, prop, &len); - if (len != sizeof(*cell)) - return -1U; + if (!cell || len != sizeof(*cell)) + return FDT_ERROR; + return fdt32_to_cpu(*cell); } -static int spl_fit_select_fdt(const void *fdt, int images, int *fdt_offsetp) +/* + * Iterate over all /configurations subnodes and call a platform specific + * function to find the matching configuration. + * Returns the node offset or a negative error number. + */ +static int spl_fit_find_config_node(const void *fdt) { - const char *name, *fdt_name; - int conf, node, fdt_node; - int len; + const char *name; + int conf, node, len; - *fdt_offsetp = 0; conf = fdt_path_offset(fdt, FIT_CONFS_PATH); if (conf < 0) { debug("%s: Cannot find /configurations node: %d\n", __func__, @@ -50,39 +56,69 @@ static int spl_fit_select_fdt(const void *fdt, int images, int *fdt_offsetp) continue; debug("Selecting config '%s'", name); - fdt_name = fdt_getprop(fdt, node, FIT_FDT_PROP, &len); - if (!fdt_name) { - debug("%s: Cannot find fdt name property: %d\n", - __func__, len); - return -EINVAL; - } - debug(", fdt '%s'\n", fdt_name); - fdt_node = fdt_subnode_offset(fdt, images, fdt_name); - if (fdt_node < 0) { - debug("%s: Cannot find fdt node '%s': %d\n", - __func__, fdt_name, fdt_node); - return -EINVAL; + return node; + } + + return -ENOENT; +} + +/** + * spl_fit_get_image_node(): By using the matching configuration subnode, + * retrieve the name of an image, specified by a property name and an index + * into that. + * @fit: Pointer to the FDT blob. + * @images: Offset of the /images subnode. + * @type: Name of the property within the configuration subnode. + * @index: Index into the list of strings in this property. + * + * Return: the node offset of the respective image node or a negative + * error number. + */ +static int spl_fit_get_image_node(const void *fit, int images, + const char *type, int index) +{ + const char *name, *str; + int node, conf_node; + int len, i; + + conf_node = spl_fit_find_config_node(fit); + if (conf_node < 0) { +#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT + printf("No matching DT out of these options:\n"); + for (node = fdt_first_subnode(fit, conf_node); + node >= 0; + node = fdt_next_subnode(fit, node)) { + name = fdt_getprop(fit, node, "description", &len); + printf(" %s\n", name); } +#endif + return conf_node; + } - *fdt_offsetp = fdt_getprop_u32(fdt, fdt_node, "data-offset"); - len = fdt_getprop_u32(fdt, fdt_node, "data-size"); - debug("FIT: Selected '%s'\n", name); + name = fdt_getprop(fit, conf_node, type, &len); + if (!name) { + debug("cannot find property '%s': %d\n", type, len); + return -EINVAL; + } - return len; + str = name; + for (i = 0; i < index; i++) { + str = strchr(str, '\0') + 1; + if (!str || (str - name >= len)) { + debug("no string for index %d\n", index); + return -E2BIG; + } } -#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT - printf("No matching DT out of these options:\n"); - for (node = fdt_first_subnode(fdt, conf); - node >= 0; - node = fdt_next_subnode(fdt, node)) { - name = fdt_getprop(fdt, node, "description", &len); - printf(" %s\n", name); + debug("%s: '%s'\n", type, str); + node = fdt_subnode_offset(fit, images, str); + if (node < 0) { + debug("cannot find image node '%s': %d\n", str, node); + return -EINVAL; } -#endif - return -ENOENT; + return node; } static int get_aligned_image_offset(struct spl_load_info *info, int offset) @@ -123,19 +159,82 @@ static int get_aligned_image_size(struct spl_load_info *info, int data_size, return (data_size + info->bl_len - 1) / info->bl_len; } +/** + * spl_load_fit_image(): load the image described in a certain FIT node + * @info: points to information about the device to load data from + * @sector: the start sector of the FIT image on the device + * @fit: points to the flattened device tree blob describing the FIT + * image + * @base_offset: the beginning of the data area containing the actual + * image data, relative to the beginning of the FIT + * @node: offset of the DT node describing the image to load (relative + * to @fit) + * @image_info: will be filled with information about the loaded image + * If the FIT node does not contain a "load" (address) property, + * the image gets loaded to the address pointed to by the + * load_addr member in this struct. + * + * Return: 0 on success or a negative error number. + */ +static int spl_load_fit_image(struct spl_load_info *info, ulong sector, + void *fit, ulong base_offset, int node, + struct spl_image_info *image_info) +{ + ulong offset; + size_t length; + ulong load_addr, load_ptr; + void *src; + ulong overhead; + int nr_sectors; + int align_len = ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN - 1; + + offset = fdt_getprop_u32(fit, node, "data-offset"); + if (offset == FDT_ERROR) + return -ENOENT; + offset += base_offset; + length = fdt_getprop_u32(fit, node, "data-size"); + if (length == FDT_ERROR) + return -ENOENT; + load_addr = fdt_getprop_u32(fit, node, "load"); + if (load_addr == FDT_ERROR && image_info) + load_addr = image_info->load_addr; + load_ptr = (load_addr + align_len) & ~align_len; + + overhead = get_aligned_image_overhead(info, offset); + nr_sectors = get_aligned_image_size(info, length, offset); + + if (info->read(info, sector + get_aligned_image_offset(info, offset), + nr_sectors, (void*)load_ptr) != nr_sectors) + return -EIO; + debug("image: dst=%lx, offset=%lx, size=%lx\n", load_ptr, offset, + (unsigned long)length); + + src = (void *)load_ptr + overhead; +#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_FIT_IMAGE_POST_PROCESS + board_fit_image_post_process(&src, &length); +#endif + + memcpy((void*)load_addr, src, length); + + if (image_info) { + image_info->load_addr = load_addr; + image_info->size = length; + image_info->entry_point = fdt_getprop_u32(fit, node, "entry"); + } + + return 0; +} + int spl_load_simple_fit(struct spl_image_info *spl_image, struct spl_load_info *info, ulong sector, void *fit) { int sectors; - ulong size, load; + ulong size; unsigned long count; - int node, images; - void *load_ptr; - int fdt_offset, fdt_len; - int data_offset, data_size; + struct spl_image_info image_info; + int node, images, ret; int base_offset, align_len = ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN - 1; - int src_sector; - void *dst, *src; + int index = 0; /* * Figure out where the external images start. This is the base for the @@ -168,90 +267,82 @@ int spl_load_simple_fit(struct spl_image_info *spl_image, if (count == 0) return -EIO; - /* find the firmware image to load */ + /* find the node holding the images information */ images = fdt_path_offset(fit, FIT_IMAGES_PATH); if (images < 0) { debug("%s: Cannot find /images node: %d\n", __func__, images); return -1; } - node = fdt_first_subnode(fit, images); + + /* find the U-Boot image */ + node = spl_fit_get_image_node(fit, images, "firmware", 0); + if (node < 0) { + debug("could not find firmware image, trying loadables...\n"); + node = spl_fit_get_image_node(fit, images, "loadables", 0); + /* + * If we pick the U-Boot image from "loadables", start at + * the second image when later loading additional images. + */ + index = 1; + } if (node < 0) { - debug("%s: Cannot find first image node: %d\n", __func__, node); + debug("%s: Cannot find u-boot image node: %d\n", + __func__, node); return -1; } - /* Get its information and set up the spl_image structure */ - data_offset = fdt_getprop_u32(fit, node, "data-offset"); - data_size = fdt_getprop_u32(fit, node, "data-size"); - load = fdt_getprop_u32(fit, node, "load"); - debug("data_offset=%x, data_size=%x\n", data_offset, data_size); - spl_image->load_addr = load; - spl_image->entry_point = load; - spl_image->os = IH_OS_U_BOOT; - - /* - * Work out where to place the image. We read it so that the first - * byte will be at 'load'. This may mean we need to load it starting - * before then, since we can only read whole blocks. - */ - data_offset += base_offset; - sectors = get_aligned_image_size(info, data_size, data_offset); - load_ptr = (void *)load; - debug("U-Boot size %x, data %p\n", data_size, load_ptr); - dst = load_ptr; - - /* Read the image */ - src_sector = sector + get_aligned_image_offset(info, data_offset); - debug("Aligned image read: dst=%p, src_sector=%x, sectors=%x\n", - dst, src_sector, sectors); - count = info->read(info, src_sector, sectors, dst); - if (count != sectors) - return -EIO; - debug("image: dst=%p, data_offset=%x, size=%x\n", dst, data_offset, - data_size); - src = dst + get_aligned_image_overhead(info, data_offset); + /* Load the image and set up the spl_image structure */ + ret = spl_load_fit_image(info, sector, fit, base_offset, node, + spl_image); + if (ret) + return ret; -#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_FIT_IMAGE_POST_PROCESS - board_fit_image_post_process((void **)&src, (size_t *)&data_size); -#endif - - memcpy(dst, src, data_size); + spl_image->os = IH_OS_U_BOOT; /* Figure out which device tree the board wants to use */ - fdt_len = spl_fit_select_fdt(fit, images, &fdt_offset); - if (fdt_len < 0) - return fdt_len; + node = spl_fit_get_image_node(fit, images, FIT_FDT_PROP, 0); + if (node < 0) { + debug("%s: cannot find FDT node\n", __func__); + return node; + } /* - * Read the device tree and place it after the image. There may be - * some extra data before it since we can only read entire blocks. - * And also align the destination address to ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN. + * Read the device tree and place it after the image. + * Align the destination address to ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN. */ - dst = (void *)((load + data_size + align_len) & ~align_len); - fdt_offset += base_offset; - sectors = get_aligned_image_size(info, fdt_len, fdt_offset); - src_sector = sector + get_aligned_image_offset(info, fdt_offset); - count = info->read(info, src_sector, sectors, dst); - debug("Aligned fdt read: dst %p, src_sector = %x, sectors %x\n", - dst, src_sector, sectors); - if (count != sectors) - return -EIO; + image_info.load_addr = spl_image->load_addr + spl_image->size; + ret = spl_load_fit_image(info, sector, fit, base_offset, node, + &image_info); + if (ret < 0) + return ret; + + /* Now check if there are more images for us to load */ + for (; ; index++) { + node = spl_fit_get_image_node(fit, images, "loadables", index); + if (node < 0) + break; + + ret = spl_load_fit_image(info, sector, fit, base_offset, node, + &image_info); + if (ret < 0) + continue; + + /* + * If the "firmware" image did not provide an entry point, + * use the first valid entry point from the loadables. + */ + if (spl_image->entry_point == FDT_ERROR && + image_info.entry_point != FDT_ERROR) + spl_image->entry_point = image_info.entry_point; + } /* - * Copy the device tree so that it starts immediately after the image. - * After this we will have the U-Boot image and its device tree ready - * for us to start. + * If a platform does not provide CONFIG_SYS_UBOOT_START, U-Boot's + * Makefile will set it to 0 and it will end up as the entry point + * here. What it actually means is: use the load address. */ - debug("fdt: dst=%p, data_offset=%x, size=%x\n", dst, fdt_offset, - fdt_len); - src = dst + get_aligned_image_overhead(info, fdt_offset); - dst = load_ptr + data_size; - -#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_FIT_IMAGE_POST_PROCESS - board_fit_image_post_process((void **)&src, (size_t *)&fdt_len); -#endif - - memcpy(dst, src, fdt_len); + if (spl_image->entry_point == FDT_ERROR || spl_image->entry_point == 0) + spl_image->entry_point = spl_image->load_addr; return 0; } diff --git a/configs/am335x_evm_defconfig b/configs/am335x_evm_defconfig index c3237f51e4..962bb65443 100644 --- a/configs/am335x_evm_defconfig +++ b/configs/am335x_evm_defconfig @@ -48,4 +48,3 @@ CONFIG_G_DNL_MANUFACTURER="Texas Instruments" CONFIG_G_DNL_VENDOR_NUM=0x0451 CONFIG_G_DNL_PRODUCT_NUM=0xd022 CONFIG_RSA=y -CONFIG_SPL_OF_LIBFDT=y diff --git a/configs/pine64_plus_defconfig b/configs/pine64_plus_defconfig index 92bda60095..593e24a836 100644 --- a/configs/pine64_plus_defconfig +++ b/configs/pine64_plus_defconfig @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ CONFIG_ARCH_SUNXI=y CONFIG_MACH_SUN50I=y CONFIG_RESERVE_ALLWINNER_BOOT0_HEADER=y CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE="sun50i-a64-pine64-plus" +CONFIG_OF_LIST="sun50i-a64-pine64 sun50i-a64-pine64-plus" # CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_CLEAR_ON_INIT is not set CONFIG_CONSOLE_MUX=y CONFIG_SPL=y diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt b/doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt index 14e316f72c..2988a52aa1 100644 --- a/doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt +++ b/doc/uImage.FIT/howto.txt @@ -44,6 +44,27 @@ image source file mkimage + dtc transfer to target + ---------------> image file --------------------> bootm image data file(s) +SPL usage +--------- + +The SPL can make use of the new image format as well, this traditionally +is used to ship multiple device tree files within one image. Code in the SPL +will choose the one matching the current board and append this to the +U-Boot proper binary to be automatically used up by it. +Aside from U-Boot proper and one device tree blob the SPL can load multiple, +arbitrary image files as well. These binaries should be specified in their +own subnode under the /images node, which should then be referenced from one or +multiple /configurations subnodes. The required images must be enumerated in +the "loadables" property as a list of strings. + +If a platform specific image source file (.its) is shipped with the U-Boot +source, it can be specified using the CONFIG_SPL_FIT_SOURCE Kconfig symbol. +In this case it will be automatically used by U-Boot's Makefile to generate +the image. +If a static source file is not flexible enough, CONFIG_SPL_FIT_GENERATOR +can point to a script which generates this image source file during +the build process. It gets passed a list of device tree files (taken from the +CONFIG_OF_LIST symbol). Example 1 -- old-style (non-FDT) kernel booting ----------------------------------------------- diff --git a/doc/uImage.FIT/multi_spl.its b/doc/uImage.FIT/multi_spl.its new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e5551d42b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/uImage.FIT/multi_spl.its @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +/dts-v1/; + +/* + * (Bogus) example FIT image description file demonstrating the usage + * of multiple images loaded by the SPL. + * Several binaries will be loaded at their respective load addresses. + * Finally the one image specifying an entry point will be entered by the SPL. + */ + +/ { + description = "multiple firmware blobs and U-Boot, loaded by SPL"; + #address-cells = <0x1>; + + images { + + uboot { + description = "U-Boot (64-bit)"; + type = "standalone"; + arch = "arm64"; + compression = "none"; + load = <0x4a000000>; + }; + + atf { + description = "ARM Trusted Firmware"; + type = "firmware"; + arch = "arm64"; + compression = "none"; + load = <0x18000>; + entry = <0x18000>; + }; + + mgmt-firmware { + description = "arisc management processor firmware"; + type = "firmware"; + arch = "or1k"; + compression = "none"; + load = <0x40000>; + }; + + fdt@1 { + description = "Pine64+ DT"; + type = "flat_dt"; + compression = "none"; + load = <0x4fa00000>; + arch = "arm64"; + }; + + fdt@2 { + description = "Pine64 DT"; + type = "flat_dt"; + compression = "none"; + load = <0x4fa00000>; + arch = "arm64"; + }; + + kernel { + description = "4.7-rc5 kernel"; + type = "kernel"; + compression = "none"; + load = <0x40080000>; + arch = "arm64"; + }; + + initrd { + description = "Debian installer initrd"; + type = "ramdisk"; + compression = "none"; + load = <0x4fe00000>; + arch = "arm64"; + }; + }; + + configurations { + default = "config@1"; + + config@1 { + description = "sun50i-a64-pine64-plus"; + loadables = "uboot", "atf", "kernel", "initrd"; + fdt = "fdt@1"; + }; + + config@2 { + description = "sun50i-a64-pine64"; + loadables = "uboot", "atf", "mgmt-firmware"; + fdt = "fdt@2"; + }; + }; +}; diff --git a/include/configs/sunxi-common.h b/include/configs/sunxi-common.h index 997a92c8be..f042f0d0c2 100644 --- a/include/configs/sunxi-common.h +++ b/include/configs/sunxi-common.h @@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ # define CONFIG_MACH_TYPE_COMPAT_REV 1 #endif +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64 +#define CONFIG_BUILD_TARGET "u-boot.itb" +#endif + /* Serial & console */ #define CONFIG_SYS_NS16550_SERIAL /* ns16550 reg in the low bits of cpu reg */ @@ -185,12 +189,17 @@ #endif #ifdef CONFIG_SUNXI_HIGH_SRAM -#define CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE 0x10040 /* sram start+header */ -#define CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE 0x7fc0 /* 32 KiB */ +#define CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE 0x10060 /* sram start+header */ +#define CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE 0x7fa0 /* 32 KiB */ +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64 +/* end of SRAM A2 for now, as SRAM A1 is pretty tight for an ARM64 build */ +#define LOW_LEVEL_SRAM_STACK 0x00054000 +#else #define LOW_LEVEL_SRAM_STACK 0x00018000 +#endif /* !CONFIG_ARM64 */ #else -#define CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE 0x40 /* sram start+header */ -#define CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE 0x5fc0 /* 24KB on sun4i/sun7i */ +#define CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE 0x60 /* sram start+header */ +#define CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE 0x5fa0 /* 24KB on sun4i/sun7i */ #define LOW_LEVEL_SRAM_STACK 0x00008000 /* End of sram */ #endif diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.spl b/scripts/Makefile.spl index 182b3002c1..135706f21d 100644 --- a/scripts/Makefile.spl +++ b/scripts/Makefile.spl @@ -304,7 +304,8 @@ $(obj)/$(SPL_BIN).sfp: $(obj)/$(SPL_BIN).bin FORCE $(call if_changed,mkimage) quiet_cmd_mksunxiboot = MKSUNXI $@ -cmd_mksunxiboot = $(objtree)/tools/mksunxiboot $< $@ +cmd_mksunxiboot = $(objtree)/tools/mksunxiboot \ + --default-dt $(CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE) $< $@ $(obj)/sunxi-spl.bin: $(obj)/$(SPL_BIN).bin FORCE $(call if_changed,mksunxiboot) diff --git a/tools/mksunxiboot.c b/tools/mksunxiboot.c index 0f0b003a83..db0f10ec29 100644 --- a/tools/mksunxiboot.c +++ b/tools/mksunxiboot.c @@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ int gen_check_sum(struct boot_file_head *head_p) #define ALIGN(x, a) __ALIGN_MASK((x), (typeof(x))(a)-1) #define __ALIGN_MASK(x, mask) (((x)+(mask))&~(mask)) -#define SUN4I_SRAM_SIZE 0x7600 /* 0x7748+ is used by BROM */ -#define SRAM_LOAD_MAX_SIZE (SUN4I_SRAM_SIZE - sizeof(struct boot_file_head)) +#define SUNXI_SRAM_SIZE 0x8000 /* SoC with smaller size are limited before */ +#define SRAM_LOAD_MAX_SIZE (SUNXI_SRAM_SIZE - sizeof(struct boot_file_head)) /* * BROM (at least on A10 and A20) requires NAND-images to be explicitly aligned @@ -70,11 +70,40 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) struct boot_img img; unsigned file_size; int count; + char *tool_name = argv[0]; + char *default_dt = NULL; - if (argc < 2) { - printf("\tThis program makes an input bin file to sun4i " \ - "bootable image.\n" \ - "\tUsage: %s input_file out_putfile\n", argv[0]); + /* a sanity check */ + if ((sizeof(img.header) % 32) != 0) { + fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: the SPL header must be a multiple "); + fprintf(stderr, "of 32 bytes.\n"); + return EXIT_FAILURE; + } + + /* process optional command line switches */ + while (argc >= 2 && argv[1][0] == '-') { + if (strcmp(argv[1], "--default-dt") == 0) { + if (argc >= 3) { + default_dt = argv[2]; + argv += 2; + argc -= 2; + continue; + } + fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: no --default-dt arg\n"); + return EXIT_FAILURE; + } else { + fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: bad option '%s'\n", argv[1]); + return EXIT_FAILURE; + } + } + + if (argc < 3) { + printf("This program converts an input binary file to a sunxi bootable image.\n"); + printf("\nUsage: %s [options] input_file output_file\n", + tool_name); + printf("Where [options] may be:\n"); + printf(" --default-dt arg - 'arg' is the default device tree name\n"); + printf(" (CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE).\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } @@ -122,6 +151,18 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) memcpy(img.header.spl_signature, SPL_SIGNATURE, 3); /* "sunxi" marker */ img.header.spl_signature[3] = SPL_HEADER_VERSION; + if (default_dt) { + if (strlen(default_dt) + 1 <= sizeof(img.header.string_pool)) { + strcpy((char *)img.header.string_pool, default_dt); + img.header.dt_name_offset = + cpu_to_le32(offsetof(struct boot_file_head, + string_pool)); + } else { + printf("WARNING: The SPL header is too small\n"); + printf(" and has no space to store the dt name.\n"); + } + } + gen_check_sum(&img.header); count = write(fd_out, &img, le32_to_cpu(img.header.length)); |